Although the company origins trace back to 1849, the real history of Leica cameras began when Oscar Barnack appeared at the Ernst Leitz Company offices in 1911 with his idea for a small 35mm camera. The first Leitz camera was produced in 1925. In 1988, the company split into several smaller companies, with Leica Camera GmbH taking over the manufacturing of cameras. Detailed information about Leica (serial numbers, lens types, history etc) is available at and web-sites. If you are looking for the lens prices, check the, or use to find other lenses manufactured with Leica screw mount.
Although the company origins trace back to 1849, the real history of Leica cameras began when Oscar Barnack appeared at the Ernst Leitz Company offices in 1911 with his idea for a small 35mm camera. The first Leitz camera was produced in 1925. In 1988, the company split into several smaller companies, with Leica Camera GmbH taking over the manufacturing of cameras. Detailed information about Leica (serial numbers, lens types, history etc) is available at and web-sites. If you are looking for the lens prices, check the, or use to find other lenses manufactured with Leica screw mount.
The polarizer rotates through 360 degrees, graduated in 5 degree increments. It has a brake for its rotation, and at its bottom end there is an iris diaphragm, the distance of which from the prism can be varied by sliding it up or down. The polarizer assembly can slide in and out of the optical path on a dovetail.
It can be locked in the path with another brake. Above the polarizer are the optical components of the condenser with a top which can be flipped up or down for higher powers.
The upper iris and flip-up condenser is on a second dovetail slider with its own brake and can also be slid out of the optical axis, independently. The entire condensor and polarizer assembly is lowered or raised by rack and pinion. The Bertrand lens sits well above the analyzer.
It can be focused by a diagonal rack and pinion. There is a separate iris diaphragm integrated in to the Bertrand assembly. There are also two small knobs to adjust the centering of the Bertrand lens in the optical axis. The analyzer is calibrated over a 90 degree range, in 5 degree increments, and has a rotation brake. It can be slid in or out of the optical path. There is a window slot at the lower end of the nosepiece with a shutter which can be opened or closed via a small knob.
This slot accepts the wave plates. Each objective is held in place by a spring-loaded '3-point objective-changing clutch.' Each objective can be individually centered in the individual objective adapters accepting the society thread. Small wrenches are supplied for this purpose (see below).
Coarse focusing is by diagonal rack and pinion. There is a side fine adjustment which is calibrated. An engraved area on the right side of the limb above the fine focus has the inscription: '1 Jntervall=0,002 m/m.' This is the exact inscription, likely an error in the engraving, as in German the word interval is spelled 'Intevall.' The diameter of the opening of the optical tube is large, to accept unusually large diameter oculars, and is supplied with an adapter, made of black plastic, to accept the supplied standard diameter oculars. No large diameter oculars are present. There are several signatures and a decal sticker.
Wetzlar Binoculars Serial Numbers
The sticker, on the lower inside surface of the limb identifies the former owner as the U.S. Bureau of Mines, with a serial number that has partly worn off. The mechanical stage is signed 'Leitz, Wetzlar, Germany. The first two words are within the Leitz emblem. The Main optical tube is signed: 'Ernst Leitz, Wetzlar, N o337916.'
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The top of the limb is signed with the capital initials: 'D.R.P. And below those letters, another 'Leitz, Wetzlar' insignia. Finally the plate at the top of the coarse focusing rack is signed: 'Germany.' The objectives also have signatures. HISTORY OF THE LEITZ POLARIZING MICROSCOPES. Leitz started producing polarizing microscopes after 1885. By 1890 there was a catalog listing for a petrographic stand.
There was even a specialized catalog for polarizing microscopes starting in 1893. The famous Dr Berek (who refused to work for the Nazis), who was responsible for many important concepts in optics and polarizing microscopy, worked for the Leitz company until his death in 1949. The condenser on this microscope is known as the model 'aa' Berek condenser, and was the most complex of the models offered. Ernst Leitz II inherited the firm from his father and ran it during the 1930's and 1940's. During WWII Ernst Leitz II and his daughter were instrumental in arranging for hundreds of Jewish families to escape the holocaust. This is one of a long line of Leitz polarizing microscopes. The IIIM was the student pol microscope for many years.
During the early period, the MI and MII were the more sophisticated models. Later on, these designs became less promoted, and others were offered.
The KM model had a larger diameter 30 mm tube. The GM added a slide-focusing Bertrand lens. This model, the CM, added rack and pinion focusing to the Bertrand lens, retaining the large diamter tube. The next design was the AM which gave the stage rack and pinion focusing. Then the BM was offered and included the mechanical stage as a standard fitting, whereas it was an extra accessory for this CM model.
The CM model shown on this web page features an 'aa' model substage, and there were three others in succession, the a, b, and c. I am grateful to Dr John Field, an expert on Leitz microscopes, for this information on the evolution of the Leitz pol scopes. It is the immediate precursor to the CMU model which differs from this model only in that the model shown here has a rounded shape of the upright supports from the foot, whereas the CMU model from about 1952 has squared off shaped supports. The CM was still being advertised in 1949. As equipped, it sold in 1949 for what would be over $15,000 in 2013 dollars. The author is greatful to Dr.
Usb dvb t tuner. John Field for his expertise in the history of Leitz microscopes and some of the illustrations provided herein.